Local “Battlegrounds”. Relocating Multi-Level and Multi-Actor Governance of Immigration

The multi-level governance (MLG) approach is widely used to understand the complex processes of immigration policymaking. In this literature review, we consider both (i) vertical dimension MLG: local, regional, national, European, or even global level; and (ii) horizontal relations between public non-public actors. While focusing on local level, review identifies a trend regarding, one hand, bordering, policies inclusion other. Furthermore, article reviews how civil society has responded arrival refugees. It pays insufficient attention dimensions conflict and, more specifically, borders can be challenged. Moreover, it shows lack anti-migrant responses, interaction migrants regarding governance. Concluding, paper argues for adoption “battleground” perspective as dynamic basis MLG approach.